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The error log file contains information indicating when mysqld
was started and stopped and also any critical errors found when running.
If mysqld dies unexpectedly and mysqld_safe needs to
restart mysqld, mysqld_safe will write a restarted
mysqld row in this file. This log also holds a warning if
mysqld notices a table that needs to be automatically checked or
repaired.
On some operating systems, the error log will contain a stack trace
for where mysqld died. This can be used to find out where
mysqld died. See section D.1.4 Using a Stack Trace.
Beginning with MySQL 4.0.10 you can specify where mysqld stores the
error log file with the option --log-error[=filename]. If no file
name is given mysqld will use mysql-data-dir/'hostname'.err on
Unix and `\mysql\data\mysql.err' on Windows.
If you execute flush logs the old file will be prefixed with
--old and mysqld will create a new empty log file.
In older MySQL versions the error log handling was done by
mysqld_safe which redirected the error file to
'hostname'.err. One could change this file name with the option
--err-log=filename.
If you don't specify --log-error or if you use the --console
option the errors will be written to stderr (the terminal).
On Windows, the output is always written to the .err file if
--console is not given.