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ANY, IN, and SOME Syntax:
<operand> <comparison operator> ANY (<subquery>) <operand> IN (<subquery>) <operand> <comparison operator> SOME (<subquery>) |
The word ANY, which must follow a comparison operator, means
"return TRUE if the comparison is TRUE for ANY of the
rows that the subquery returns."
For example,
SELECT s1 FROM t1 WHERE s1 > ANY (SELECT s1 FROM t2); |
Suppose that there is a row in table t1 containing {10}.
The expression is TRUE if table t2 contains {21,14,7} because
there is a value in t2 -- 7 -- which is less than 10.
The expression is FALSE if table t2 contains {20,10},
or if table t2 is empty.
The expression is UNKNOWN if table t2 contains
{NULL,NULL,NULL}.
The word IN is an alias for = ANY. Thus these two statements
are the same:
SELECT s1 FROM t1 WHERE s1 = ANY (SELECT s1 FROM t2); SELECT s1 FROM t1 WHERE s1 IN (SELECT s1 FROM t2); |
The word SOME is an alias for ANY. Thus these two statements
are the same:
SELECT s1 FROM t1 WHERE s1 <> ANY (SELECT s1 FROM t2); SELECT s1 FROM t1 WHERE s1 <> SOME (SELECT s1 FROM t2); |
Use of the word SOME is rare, but the above example shows why it
might be useful. The English phrase "a is not equal to any b" means, to
most people's ears, "there is no b which is equal to a" -- which isn't
what is meant by the SQL syntax. By using <> SOME instead, you
ensure that everyone understands the true meaning of the query.